{"id":2353,"date":"2020-01-14T15:21:35","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T15:21:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sizofrenija.lv\/sabiedribai\/?page_id=2353"},"modified":"2025-12-19T11:52:30","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T10:52:30","slug":"atkaribas","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sizofrenija.lv\/sabiedribai\/atkaribas\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160izofr\u0113nija un atkar\u012bbas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/div>

\u0160izofr\u0113nija un atkar\u012bbas<\/h1>

Cilv\u0113kiem, kuri lieto narkotisk\u0101s vielas, nereti att\u012bst\u0101s simptomi, kas ir l\u012bdz\u012bgi \u0161izofr\u0113nijas simptomiem. Atsevi\u0161\u0137os gad\u012bjumos narkotisko vielu lieto\u0161ana var izrais\u012bt slim\u012bbu. Turkl\u0101t daudziem pacientiem ar psihiskiem trauc\u0113jumiem, ieskaitot pacientus ar garast\u0101vok\u013ca vai kait\u012bgu vielu izrais\u012btiem trauc\u0113jumiem, rakstur\u012bga ar\u012b patolo\u0123iska tieksme uz azartsp\u0113l\u0113m. \u0160aj\u0101 sada\u013c\u0101 ir apl\u016bkota \u0161izofr\u0113nijas, alkohola, narkotisko vielu un azartsp\u0113\u013cu atkar\u012bbu izrais\u012btas uzved\u012bbas saikne.<\/p><\/a>

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Vienlaikus ar \u0161izofr\u0113niju un person\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumiem nereti ir nov\u0113rojama ar\u012b narkotisko vielu un alkohola atkar\u012bba.1 <\/sup>Narkotisk\u0101s vielas, alkohols un t\u0101da atkar\u012bbu izraiso\u0161a uzved\u012bba k\u0101 azartsp\u0113\u013cu atkar\u012bba pacientiem ar \u0161izofr\u0113niju bie\u017ei ir k\u0101 disfunkcion\u0101li centieni sadz\u012bvot ar slim\u012bbu un p\u0101rvar\u0113t t\u0101s rad\u012btos simptomus.2<\/sup>

Jo vair\u0101k cilv\u0113ks lieto kait\u012bg\u0101s vielas, lai p\u0101rvar\u0113tu simptomus, jo liel\u0101ks risks ir k\u013c\u016bt no t\u0101m atkar\u012bgam.2<\/sup> P\u0113t\u012bjumi liecina, ka aptuveni puse no cilv\u0113kiem, kuri cie\u0161 no psihiskas saslim\u0161anas, c\u012bn\u0101s ar\u012b ar kait\u012bgo vielu atkar\u012bb\u0101m, un\/vai ar\u012b v\u0113l\u0101k dz\u012bv\u0113 vi\u0146i var k\u013c\u016bt atkar\u012bgi no narkotisk\u0101m viel\u0101m vai alkohola lieto\u0161anas.3<\/sup> Zin\u0101ms, ka vair\u0101k nek\u0101 8 miljoni pieaugu\u0161o (3,4 %no visiem pieaugu\u0161ajiem) ar psihisk\u0101m saslim\u0161an\u0101m lieto narkotisk\u0101s vielas un\/vai alkoholu, da\u013cai vienlaikus ar kait\u012bgo vielu izrais\u012btiem trauc\u0113jumiem radu\u0161ies ar\u012b nopietni psihisk\u0101s vesel\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumi.3<\/sup>

Atsevi\u0161\u0137i pier\u0101d\u012bjumi liecina, ka past\u0101v c\u0113lo\u0146sakar\u012bba starp noteikta veida narkotisko vielu lieto\u0161anu un \u0161izofr\u0113nijas simptomiem.4<\/sup> Piem\u0113ram, lizerg\u012bnsk\u0101bes dietilam\u012bds (LSD) un citas halucinog\u0113n\u0101s vielas var izrais\u012bt \u0161izofr\u0113nijas paasin\u0101jumus.5<\/sup> Savuk\u0101rt marihu\u0101nas galven\u0101 akt\u012bv\u0101 viela tetrahidrokanabinols (THC) var ierosin\u0101t \u0161izofr\u0113nijas s\u0101kumu.6<\/sup> THC ir sp\u0113c\u012bga iedarb\u012bba uz smadzen\u0113m, kur\u0101m, savuk\u0101rt, ir b\u016btisk\u0101k\u0101 loma cilv\u0113ka spriestsp\u0113ju un atmi\u0146as veido\u0161an\u0101. Kad cilv\u0113ki neatkar\u012bgi no vi\u0146u psihisk\u0101s vesel\u012bbas sm\u0113\u0137\u0113 vai cit\u0101di uz\u0146em marihu\u0101nu, vi\u0146i piedz\u012bvo dezorganiz\u0113t\u012bbu un izmai\u0146as smadze\u0146u funkcion\u0113\u0161an\u0101, un \u012bslaic\u012bgi var att\u012bst\u012bties vair\u0101ki simptomi, kuri rakstur\u012bgi \u0161izofr\u0113nijai.6<\/sup> Laika gait\u0101 narkotisk\u0101s vielas neirolo\u0123iskais efekts var pastiprin\u0101t iesp\u0113jam\u012bbu, ka att\u012bst\u012bsies ar\u012b pati saslim\u0161ana. It \u012bpa\u0161i tas attiecas uz indiv\u012bdiem, kuriem ir citi noz\u012bm\u012bgi \u0161izofr\u0113nijas riski.7<\/sup>

Alkohola lieto\u0161ana izraisa paaugstin\u0101tu ak\u016btu vai hronisku trauc\u0113jumu risku, t\u0101 lieto\u0161ana var izrais\u012bt psihotisk\u0101s epizodes vai pasliktin\u0101t psihiskos trauc\u0113jumus.8<\/sup> P\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bga alkohola lieto\u0161ana pat vair\u0101k nek\u0101 halucinog\u0113nu vielu lieto\u0161ana palielina iesp\u0113jam\u012bbu, ka att\u012bst\u012bsies \u0161izofr\u0113nija.9<\/sup> Vienlaikus cilv\u0113ki ar \u0161izofr\u0113niju, kuri lieto alkoholu un aizliegt\u0101s vielas, ir maz\u0101k motiv\u0113ti main\u012bt kait\u012bgo vielu lieto\u0161anas paradumus, vi\u0146iem ir augst\u0101ks kait\u012bgo vielu ierosin\u0101ta slim\u012bbas atk\u0101rtota paasin\u0101juma iesp\u0113jam\u012bbas risks un augst\u0101ki \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas p\u0101rtrauk\u0161anas r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ji.10<\/sup> \u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 motiv\u0101cijas tr\u016bkuma lielo noz\u012bmi, t\u0101 saist\u012bbu ar \u0161izofr\u0113niju,11 <\/sup>k\u0101 ar\u012b iesp\u0113jamo zem\u0101s motiv\u0101cijas saikni ar nep\u0101rtrauktu kait\u012bgo vielu lieto\u0161anu,10<\/sup> var apgalvot, ka motiv\u0101cijas zudums, iesp\u0113jams, ir viens no kritisk\u0101kajiem faktoriem, kam ir negat\u012bva ietekme uz \u0161izofr\u0113nijas pacientu \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas rezult\u0101tiem, kuri lieto alkoholu un aizliegt\u0101s vielas.

Vair\u0101kos p\u0113t\u012bjumos nor\u0101d\u012bts, ka bie\u017ei l\u012bdz\u0101s past\u0101v psihiskie trauc\u0113jumi un impulsu kontroles trauc\u0113jumi, tostarp patolo\u0123iska tieksme uz azartsp\u0113l\u0113m.12-14<\/sup> Azartsp\u0113\u013cu atkar\u012bba noz\u012bm\u0113, ka past\u0101v aiztur\u0113\u0161anas, ieslodz\u012bjuma un citu vesel\u012bbai nev\u0113lamu notikumu risks.14<\/sup> Cilv\u0113kiem ar \u0161izofr\u0113niju ir augsts jut\u012bgums pret stresu, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c azartsp\u0113\u013cu atkar\u012bba vi\u0146iem noz\u012bm\u0113 augstu atk\u0101rtotu slim\u012bbas paasin\u0101juma un hospitaliz\u0101ciju risku.14<\/sup>

J\u0101atz\u012bm\u0113, ka da\u017eos p\u0113t\u012bjumos apstiprin\u0101ts, ka patolo\u0123iska tieksme uz azartsp\u0113l\u0113m konstat\u0113ta psihiatrisk\u0101 profila pacientu \u0123imen\u0113s.15 <\/sup>Tom\u0113r nav iesp\u0113jams identific\u0113t, vai tas notiek \u0123en\u0113tisku faktoru ietekm\u0113 vai vides ietekm\u0113, jeb ar\u012b abiem faktoriem kombin\u0113joties.16<\/sup> Epidemiolo\u0123iskie dati liecina, ka patolo\u0123iski azartsp\u0113\u013cu sp\u0113l\u0113t\u0101ji, kuriem v\u0113l\u0101k dz\u012bv\u0113, iesp\u0113jams, var att\u012bst\u012bties \u0161izofr\u0113nija, liel\u0101koties ir gados jauni v\u012brie\u0161i un, visticam\u0101k, ar zemu soci\u0101lekonomisko st\u0101vokli.17,18<\/sup>

Lai ar\u012b ir biju\u0161i daudzi p\u0113t\u012bjumi par z\u0101l\u0113m un biheivior\u0101lo terapiju azartsp\u0113\u013cu atkar\u012bbas \u0101rst\u0113\u0161an\u0101, tajos, liel\u0101koties, nav tiku\u0161i iek\u013cauti pacienti ar psihisk\u0101m saslim\u0161an\u0101m.19<\/sup>
Kl\u012bnicistiem j\u0101p\u0101rbauda pacienti ar \u0161izofr\u0113niju, vai past\u0101v potenci\u0101ls azartsp\u0113\u013cu atkar\u012bbas risks, it \u012bpa\u0161i tas attiecas uz pacientiem, kuri atlabst no narkotisko vielu un\/vai alkohola atkar\u012bbas vai ar\u012b akt\u012bvi lieto narkotisk\u0101s vielas un\/vai alkoholu. \u013boti noder\u012bgs b\u016btu p\u0113t\u012bjums par probl\u0113mas potenci\u0101lo risku un protekt\u012bvo korel\u0101ciju saist\u012bb\u0101 ar patolo\u0123isko tieksmi uz azartsp\u0113l\u0113m pacientiem, kuriem ir psihiskas saslim\u0161anas. Nepiecie\u0161ams ar\u012b izp\u0113t\u012bt terapiju efektivit\u0101ti \u0161iem pacientiem.

Ir zin\u0101ms, ka past\u0101v sp\u0113c\u012bga saikne starp pla\u0161o kait\u012bgo vielu kl\u0101sta vai alkohola p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgu lieto\u0161anu un paaugstin\u0101tu \u0161izofr\u0113nijas att\u012bst\u012bbas risku v\u0113l\u0101k\u0101 period\u0101, pat, ja c\u0113lo\u0146sakar\u012bba pagaid\u0101m v\u0113l nav pier\u0101d\u012bta. Mekl\u0113jot jaunus veidus, lai uzlabotu \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas rezult\u0101tus \u0161izofr\u0113nijas pacientiem, kuri lieto kait\u012bg\u0101s vielas, un piev\u0113r\u0161ot liel\u0101ku uzman\u012bbu motiv\u0101cijas tr\u016bkumam vai ar\u012b saiknei starp motiv\u0101ciju un kait\u012bgo vielu lieto\u0161anu, iesp\u0113jams, tiks ieg\u016bta piln\u012bg\u0101ka izpratne par \u0161o saikni un tiks atrasts veids, k\u0101 uzlabot \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas rezult\u0101tus.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Atsauces<\/p>

  1. https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/conditions\/co-occurring-disorders<\/a><\/li>
  2. Batel. Eur Psychiatr. 2000; 15(2):115-122.<\/li>
  3. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/NSDUH-FFR1-2016\/NSDUH-FFR1-2016.htm#summary<\/a> <\/li>
  4. Shah and Gonzalez-Maeso. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2019; 10(7):3068-3077.<\/li>
  5. Muller and Borgwardt. Swiss Med Wkly. 2019; 149:w20124.<\/li>
  6. Arendt et al. BJP 2005, 187:510-515.<\/li>
  7. Mauri. Dual Diagn Open Acc 2016; 1:11.<\/li>
  8. Vuorilehto et al. Psychol Med. 2009; 39:1697-1707.<\/li>
  9. Nielsen et al. 2017; 47 (9):1668-1677<\/li>
  10. Horsfall et al. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2009; 17(1):24-34.<\/li>
  11. Fervaha et al. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014 Sep; 71(9):1058-65<\/li>
  12. Templer et al. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1993;34(5):347\u2013351.<\/li>
  13. Grant et al. Am J Psychiatry.\u00a02005 Nov;162(11):2184\u20132188.\u00a0<\/li>
  14. Schrerer et al. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:677\u2013683.<\/li>
  15. Raylu et al. Clin Psychol Rev. 2002;22:1009\u20131061.<\/li>
  16. Borras and Huguelet. The American Journal on Addictions. 2007; 16:269-271.<\/li>
  17. Shaffer et al. Can J Public Health. 2001; 92(3):168-72.<\/li>
  18. National Research Council. Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1999.<\/li>
  19. Grant et al. Oxford University Press; 2007. pp. 561\u2013578.<\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-fullwidth.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rea_page_title_signed_in_meta_block_field":"\u0160izofr\u0113nija un atkar\u012bbas","rea_page_title_signed_out_meta_block_field":"\u0160izofr\u0113nija un atkar\u012bbas","rea_page_description_signed_in_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_description_signed_out_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_footer_id_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_footer_date_meta_block_field":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2353","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0160izofr\u0113nija un atkar\u012bbas - sizofrenija.lv\/sabiedribai<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sizofrenija.lv\/sabiedribai\/atkaribas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0160izofr\u0113nija un atkar\u012bbas - 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